EVOLUTION-MANAGER
Edit File: geom_text.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>R: Text</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="R.css" /> </head><body> <table width="100%" summary="page for geom_label {ggplot2}"><tr><td>geom_label {ggplot2}</td><td style="text-align: right;">R Documentation</td></tr></table> <h2>Text</h2> <h3>Description</h3> <p>Text geoms are useful for labeling plots. They can be used by themselves as scatterplots or in cobination with other geoms, for example, for labeling points or for annotating the height of bars. <code>geom_text()</code> adds only text to the plot. <code>geom_label()</code> draws a rectangle behind the text, making it easier to read. </p> <h3>Usage</h3> <pre> geom_label( mapping = NULL, data = NULL, stat = "identity", position = "identity", ..., parse = FALSE, nudge_x = 0, nudge_y = 0, label.padding = unit(0.25, "lines"), label.r = unit(0.15, "lines"), label.size = 0.25, na.rm = FALSE, show.legend = NA, inherit.aes = TRUE ) geom_text( mapping = NULL, data = NULL, stat = "identity", position = "identity", ..., parse = FALSE, nudge_x = 0, nudge_y = 0, check_overlap = FALSE, na.rm = FALSE, show.legend = NA, inherit.aes = TRUE ) </pre> <h3>Arguments</h3> <table summary="R argblock"> <tr valign="top"><td><code>mapping</code></td> <td> <p>Set of aesthetic mappings created by <code><a href="aes.html">aes()</a></code> or <code><a href="aes_.html">aes_()</a></code>. If specified and <code>inherit.aes = TRUE</code> (the default), it is combined with the default mapping at the top level of the plot. You must supply <code>mapping</code> if there is no plot mapping.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>data</code></td> <td> <p>The data to be displayed in this layer. There are three options: </p> <p>If <code>NULL</code>, the default, the data is inherited from the plot data as specified in the call to <code><a href="ggplot.html">ggplot()</a></code>. </p> <p>A <code>data.frame</code>, or other object, will override the plot data. All objects will be fortified to produce a data frame. See <code><a href="fortify.html">fortify()</a></code> for which variables will be created. </p> <p>A <code>function</code> will be called with a single argument, the plot data. The return value must be a <code>data.frame</code>, and will be used as the layer data. A <code>function</code> can be created from a <code>formula</code> (e.g. <code>~ head(.x, 10)</code>).</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>stat</code></td> <td> <p>The statistical transformation to use on the data for this layer, as a string.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>position</code></td> <td> <p>Position adjustment, either as a string, or the result of a call to a position adjustment function. Cannot be jointy specified with <code>nudge_x</code> or <code>nudge_y</code>.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>...</code></td> <td> <p>Other arguments passed on to <code><a href="layer.html">layer()</a></code>. These are often aesthetics, used to set an aesthetic to a fixed value, like <code>colour = "red"</code> or <code>size = 3</code>. They may also be parameters to the paired geom/stat.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>parse</code></td> <td> <p>If <code>TRUE</code>, the labels will be parsed into expressions and displayed as described in <code>?plotmath</code>.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>nudge_x, nudge_y</code></td> <td> <p>Horizontal and vertical adjustment to nudge labels by. Useful for offsetting text from points, particularly on discrete scales. Cannot be jointly specified with <code>position</code>.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>label.padding</code></td> <td> <p>Amount of padding around label. Defaults to 0.25 lines.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>label.r</code></td> <td> <p>Radius of rounded corners. Defaults to 0.15 lines.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>label.size</code></td> <td> <p>Size of label border, in mm.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>na.rm</code></td> <td> <p>If <code>FALSE</code>, the default, missing values are removed with a warning. If <code>TRUE</code>, missing values are silently removed.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>show.legend</code></td> <td> <p>logical. Should this layer be included in the legends? <code>NA</code>, the default, includes if any aesthetics are mapped. <code>FALSE</code> never includes, and <code>TRUE</code> always includes. It can also be a named logical vector to finely select the aesthetics to display.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>inherit.aes</code></td> <td> <p>If <code>FALSE</code>, overrides the default aesthetics, rather than combining with them. This is most useful for helper functions that define both data and aesthetics and shouldn't inherit behaviour from the default plot specification, e.g. <code><a href="borders.html">borders()</a></code>.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>check_overlap</code></td> <td> <p>If <code>TRUE</code>, text that overlaps previous text in the same layer will not be plotted. <code>check_overlap</code> happens at draw time and in the order of the data. Therefore data should be arranged by the label column before calling <code>geom_label()</code> or <code>geom_text()</code>.</p> </td></tr> </table> <h3>Details</h3> <p>Note that when you resize a plot, text labels stay the same size, even though the size of the plot area changes. This happens because the "width" and "height" of a text element are 0. Obviously, text labels do have height and width, but they are physical units, not data units. For the same reason, stacking and dodging text will not work by default, and axis limits are not automatically expanded to include all text. </p> <p><code>geom_text()</code> and <code>geom_label()</code> add labels for each row in the data, even if coordinates x, y are set to single values in the call to <code>geom_label()</code> or <code>geom_text()</code>. To add labels at specified points use <code><a href="annotate.html">annotate()</a></code> with <code>annotate(geom = "text", ...)</code> or <code>annotate(geom = "label", ...)</code>. </p> <p>To automatically position non-overlapping text labels see the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=ggrepel">ggrepel</a> package. </p> <h3>Aesthetics</h3> <p><code>geom_text()</code> understands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold): </p> <ul> <li> <p><strong><code>x</code></strong> </p> </li> <li> <p><strong><code>y</code></strong> </p> </li> <li> <p><strong><code>label</code></strong> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>alpha</code> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>angle</code> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>colour</code> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>family</code> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>fontface</code> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>group</code> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>hjust</code> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>lineheight</code> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>size</code> </p> </li> <li> <p><code>vjust</code> </p> </li></ul> <p>Learn more about setting these aesthetics in <code>vignette("ggplot2-specs")</code>. </p> <h3><code>geom_label()</code></h3> <p>Currently <code>geom_label()</code> does not support the <code>angle</code> aesthetic and is considerably slower than <code>geom_text()</code>. The <code>fill</code> aesthetic controls the background colour of the label. </p> <h3>Alignment</h3> <p>You can modify text alignment with the <code>vjust</code> and <code>hjust</code> aesthetics. These can either be a number between 0 (right/bottom) and 1 (top/left) or a character (<code>"left"</code>, <code>"middle"</code>, <code>"right"</code>, <code>"bottom"</code>, <code>"center"</code>, <code>"top"</code>). There are two special alignments: <code>"inward"</code> and <code>"outward"</code>. Inward always aligns text towards the center, and outward aligns it away from the center. </p> <h3>Examples</h3> <pre> p <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg, label = rownames(mtcars))) p + geom_text() # Avoid overlaps p + geom_text(check_overlap = TRUE) # Labels with background p + geom_label() # Change size of the label p + geom_text(size = 10) # Set aesthetics to fixed value p + geom_point() + geom_text(hjust = 0, nudge_x = 0.05) p + geom_point() + geom_text(vjust = 0, nudge_y = 0.5) p + geom_point() + geom_text(angle = 45) ## Not run: # Doesn't work on all systems p + geom_text(family = "Times New Roman") ## End(Not run) # Add aesthetic mappings p + geom_text(aes(colour = factor(cyl))) p + geom_text(aes(colour = factor(cyl))) + scale_colour_discrete(l = 40) p + geom_label(aes(fill = factor(cyl)), colour = "white", fontface = "bold") p + geom_text(aes(size = wt)) # Scale height of text, rather than sqrt(height) p + geom_text(aes(size = wt)) + scale_radius(range = c(3,6)) # You can display expressions by setting parse = TRUE. The # details of the display are described in ?plotmath, but note that # geom_text uses strings, not expressions. p + geom_text(aes(label = paste(wt, "^(", cyl, ")", sep = "")), parse = TRUE) # Add a text annotation p + geom_text() + annotate("text", label = "plot mpg vs. wt", x = 2, y = 15, size = 8, colour = "red") # Aligning labels and bars -------------------------------------------------- df <- data.frame( x = factor(c(1, 1, 2, 2)), y = c(1, 3, 2, 1), grp = c("a", "b", "a", "b") ) # ggplot2 doesn't know you want to give the labels the same virtual width # as the bars: ggplot(data = df, aes(x, y, group = grp)) + geom_col(aes(fill = grp), position = "dodge") + geom_text(aes(label = y), position = "dodge") # So tell it: ggplot(data = df, aes(x, y, group = grp)) + geom_col(aes(fill = grp), position = "dodge") + geom_text(aes(label = y), position = position_dodge(0.9)) # Use you can't nudge and dodge text, so instead adjust the y position ggplot(data = df, aes(x, y, group = grp)) + geom_col(aes(fill = grp), position = "dodge") + geom_text( aes(label = y, y = y + 0.05), position = position_dodge(0.9), vjust = 0 ) # To place text in the middle of each bar in a stacked barplot, you # need to set the vjust parameter of position_stack() ggplot(data = df, aes(x, y, group = grp)) + geom_col(aes(fill = grp)) + geom_text(aes(label = y), position = position_stack(vjust = 0.5)) # Justification ------------------------------------------------------------- df <- data.frame( x = c(1, 1, 2, 2, 1.5), y = c(1, 2, 1, 2, 1.5), text = c("bottom-left", "bottom-right", "top-left", "top-right", "center") ) ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) + geom_text(aes(label = text)) ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) + geom_text(aes(label = text), vjust = "inward", hjust = "inward") </pre> <hr /><div style="text-align: center;">[Package <em>ggplot2</em> version 3.3.2 <a href="00Index.html">Index</a>]</div> </body></html>