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Edit File: CREATE_DATABASE.7

'\" t .\" Title: CREATE DATABASE .\" Author: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> .\" Date: 2025 .\" Manual: PostgreSQL 14.18 Documentation .\" Source: PostgreSQL 14.18 .\" Language: English .\" .TH "CREATE DATABASE" "7" "2025" "PostgreSQL 14.18" "PostgreSQL 14.18 Documentation" .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * Define some portability stuff .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * set default formatting .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" disable hyphenation .nh .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) .ad l .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .SH "NAME" CREATE_DATABASE \- create a new database .SH "SYNOPSIS" .sp .nf CREATE DATABASE \fIname\fR [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] \fIuser_name\fR ] [ TEMPLATE [=] \fItemplate\fR ] [ ENCODING [=] \fIencoding\fR ] [ LOCALE [=] \fIlocale\fR ] [ LC_COLLATE [=] \fIlc_collate\fR ] [ LC_CTYPE [=] \fIlc_ctype\fR ] [ TABLESPACE [=] \fItablespace_name\fR ] [ ALLOW_CONNECTIONS [=] \fIallowconn\fR ] [ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] \fIconnlimit\fR ] [ IS_TEMPLATE [=] \fIistemplate\fR ] .fi .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP \fBCREATE DATABASE\fR creates a new PostgreSQL database\&. .PP To create a database, you must be a superuser or have the special CREATEDB privilege\&. See CREATE ROLE (\fBCREATE_ROLE\fR(7))\&. .PP By default, the new database will be created by cloning the standard system database template1\&. A different template can be specified by writing TEMPLATE \fIname\fR\&. In particular, by writing TEMPLATE template0, you can create a pristine database (one where no user\-defined objects exist and where the system objects have not been altered) containing only the standard objects predefined by your version of PostgreSQL\&. This is useful if you wish to avoid copying any installation\-local objects that might have been added to template1\&. .SH "PARAMETERS" .PP \fIname\fR .RS 4 The name of a database to create\&. .RE .PP \fIuser_name\fR .RS 4 The role name of the user who will own the new database, or DEFAULT to use the default (namely, the user executing the command)\&. To create a database owned by another role, you must be a direct or indirect member of that role, or be a superuser\&. .RE .PP \fItemplate\fR .RS 4 The name of the template from which to create the new database, or DEFAULT to use the default template (template1)\&. .RE .PP \fIencoding\fR .RS 4 Character set encoding to use in the new database\&. Specify a string constant (e\&.g\&., \*(AqSQL_ASCII\*(Aq), or an integer encoding number, or DEFAULT to use the default encoding (namely, the encoding of the template database)\&. The character sets supported by the PostgreSQL server are described in Section\ \&24.3.1\&. See below for additional restrictions\&. .RE .PP \fIlocale\fR .RS 4 This is a shortcut for setting LC_COLLATE and LC_CTYPE at once\&. If you specify this, you cannot specify either of those parameters\&. .if n \{\ .sp .\} .RS 4 .it 1 an-trap .nr an-no-space-flag 1 .nr an-break-flag 1 .br .ps +1 \fBTip\fR .ps -1 .br The other locale settings lc_messages, lc_monetary, lc_numeric, and lc_time are not fixed per database and are not set by this command\&. If you want to make them the default for a specific database, you can use ALTER DATABASE \&.\&.\&. SET\&. .sp .5v .RE .RE .PP \fIlc_collate\fR .RS 4 Collation order (LC_COLLATE) to use in the new database\&. This affects the sort order applied to strings, e\&.g\&., in queries with ORDER BY, as well as the order used in indexes on text columns\&. The default is to use the collation order of the template database\&. See below for additional restrictions\&. .RE .PP \fIlc_ctype\fR .RS 4 Character classification (LC_CTYPE) to use in the new database\&. This affects the categorization of characters, e\&.g\&., lower, upper and digit\&. The default is to use the character classification of the template database\&. See below for additional restrictions\&. .RE .PP \fItablespace_name\fR .RS 4 The name of the tablespace that will be associated with the new database, or DEFAULT to use the template database\*(Aqs tablespace\&. This tablespace will be the default tablespace used for objects created in this database\&. See CREATE TABLESPACE (\fBCREATE_TABLESPACE\fR(7)) for more information\&. .RE .PP \fIallowconn\fR .RS 4 If false then no one can connect to this database\&. The default is true, allowing connections (except as restricted by other mechanisms, such as GRANT/REVOKE CONNECT)\&. .RE .PP \fIconnlimit\fR .RS 4 How many concurrent connections can be made to this database\&. \-1 (the default) means no limit\&. .RE .PP \fIistemplate\fR .RS 4 If true, then this database can be cloned by any user with CREATEDB privileges; if false (the default), then only superusers or the owner of the database can clone it\&. .RE .PP Optional parameters can be written in any order, not only the order illustrated above\&. .SH "NOTES" .PP \fBCREATE DATABASE\fR cannot be executed inside a transaction block\&. .PP Errors along the line of \(lqcould not initialize database directory\(rq are most likely related to insufficient permissions on the data directory, a full disk, or other file system problems\&. .PP Use \fBDROP DATABASE\fR to remove a database\&. .PP The program \fBcreatedb\fR(1) is a wrapper program around this command, provided for convenience\&. .PP Database\-level configuration parameters (set via \fBALTER DATABASE\fR) and database\-level permissions (set via \fBGRANT\fR) are not copied from the template database\&. .PP Although it is possible to copy a database other than template1 by specifying its name as the template, this is not (yet) intended as a general\-purpose \(lq\fBCOPY DATABASE\fR\(rq facility\&. The principal limitation is that no other sessions can be connected to the template database while it is being copied\&. \fBCREATE DATABASE\fR will fail if any other connection exists when it starts; otherwise, new connections to the template database are locked out until \fBCREATE DATABASE\fR completes\&. See Section\ \&23.3 for more information\&. .PP The character set encoding specified for the new database must be compatible with the chosen locale settings (LC_COLLATE and LC_CTYPE)\&. If the locale is C (or equivalently POSIX), then all encodings are allowed, but for other locale settings there is only one encoding that will work properly\&. (On Windows, however, UTF\-8 encoding can be used with any locale\&.) \fBCREATE DATABASE\fR will allow superusers to specify SQL_ASCII encoding regardless of the locale settings, but this choice is deprecated and may result in misbehavior of character\-string functions if data that is not encoding\-compatible with the locale is stored in the database\&. .PP The encoding and locale settings must match those of the template database, except when template0 is used as template\&. This is because other databases might contain data that does not match the specified encoding, or might contain indexes whose sort ordering is affected by LC_COLLATE and LC_CTYPE\&. Copying such data would result in a database that is corrupt according to the new settings\&. template0, however, is known to not contain any data or indexes that would be affected\&. .PP The CONNECTION LIMIT option is only enforced approximately; if two new sessions start at about the same time when just one connection \(lqslot\(rq remains for the database, it is possible that both will fail\&. Also, the limit is not enforced against superusers or background worker processes\&. .SH "EXAMPLES" .PP To create a new database: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf CREATE DATABASE lusiadas; .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .PP To create a database sales owned by user salesapp with a default tablespace of salesspace: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf CREATE DATABASE sales OWNER salesapp TABLESPACE salesspace; .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .PP To create a database music with a different locale: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf CREATE DATABASE music LOCALE \*(Aqsv_SE\&.utf8\*(Aq TEMPLATE template0; .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .sp In this example, the TEMPLATE template0 clause is required if the specified locale is different from the one in template1\&. (If it is not, then specifying the locale explicitly is redundant\&.) .PP To create a database music2 with a different locale and a different character set encoding: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf CREATE DATABASE music2 LOCALE \*(Aqsv_SE\&.iso885915\*(Aq ENCODING LATIN9 TEMPLATE template0; .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .sp The specified locale and encoding settings must match, or an error will be reported\&. .PP Note that locale names are specific to the operating system, so that the above commands might not work in the same way everywhere\&. .SH "COMPATIBILITY" .PP There is no \fBCREATE DATABASE\fR statement in the SQL standard\&. Databases are equivalent to catalogs, whose creation is implementation\-defined\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" ALTER DATABASE (\fBALTER_DATABASE\fR(7)), DROP DATABASE (\fBDROP_DATABASE\fR(7))