EVOLUTION-MANAGER

Edit File: netcdfdataset.h

/******************************************************************************
 * $Id: netcdfdataset.h 37958 2017-04-11 14:04:37Z goatbar $
 *
 * Project:  netCDF read/write Driver
 * Purpose:  GDAL bindings over netCDF library.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2004, Frank Warmerdam
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 ****************************************************************************/

#ifndef NETCDFDATASET_H_INCLUDED_
#define NETCDFDATASET_H_INCLUDED_

#include <cfloat>
#include <map>
#include <vector>

#include "cpl_string.h"
#include "gdal_frmts.h"
#include "gdal_pam.h"
#include "gdal_priv.h"
#include "netcdf.h"
#include "ogr_spatialref.h"
#include "ogrsf_frmts.h"

/************************************************************************/
/* ==================================================================== */
/*                           defines                                    */
/* ==================================================================== */
/************************************************************************/

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Creation and Configuration Options                              */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* Creation options

FORMAT=NC/NC2/NC4/NC4C (COMPRESS=DEFLATE sets FORMAT=NC4C)
   COMPRESS=NONE/DEFLATE (default: NONE)
   ZLEVEL=[1-9] (default: 1)
   WRITE_BOTTOMUP=YES/NO (default: YES)
   WRITE_GDAL_TAGS=YES/NO (default: YES)
   WRITE_LONLAT=YES/NO/IF_NEEDED (default: YES for geographic, NO for projected)
   TYPE_LONLAT=float/double (default: double for geographic, float for projected)
   PIXELTYPE=DEFAULT/SIGNEDBYTE (use SIGNEDBYTE to get a signed Byte Band)
*/

/* Config Options

GDAL_NETCDF_BOTTOMUP=YES/NO overrides bottom-up value on import
   GDAL_NETCDF_CONVERT_LAT_180=YES/NO convert longitude values from ]180,360] to [-180,180]
*/

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Driver-specific defines                                         */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* NETCDF driver defs */
static const size_t NCDF_MAX_STR_LEN = 8192;
#define NCDF_CONVENTIONS_CF_V1_5  "CF-1.5"
#define NCDF_CONVENTIONS_CF_V1_6  "CF-1.6"
#define NCDF_SPATIAL_REF     "spatial_ref"
#define NCDF_GEOTRANSFORM    "GeoTransform"
#define NCDF_DIMNAME_X       "x"
#define NCDF_DIMNAME_Y       "y"
#define NCDF_DIMNAME_LON     "lon"
#define NCDF_DIMNAME_LAT     "lat"
#define NCDF_LONLAT          "lon lat"

/* netcdf file types, as in libcdi/cdo and compat w/netcdf.h */
typedef enum
{
    NCDF_FORMAT_NONE    = 0,   /* Not a netCDF file */
    NCDF_FORMAT_NC      = 1,   /* netCDF classic format */
    NCDF_FORMAT_NC2     = 2,   /* netCDF version 2 (64-bit)  */
    NCDF_FORMAT_NC4     = 3,   /* netCDF version 4 */
    NCDF_FORMAT_NC4C    = 4,   /* netCDF version 4 (classic) */
/* HDF files (HDF5 or HDF4) not supported because of lack of support */
/* in libnetcdf installation or conflict with other drivers */
    NCDF_FORMAT_HDF5    = 5,   /* HDF4 file, not supported */
    NCDF_FORMAT_HDF4    = 6,   /* HDF4 file, not supported */
    NCDF_FORMAT_UNKNOWN = 10  /* Format not determined (yet) */
} NetCDFFormatEnum;

/* compression parameters */
typedef enum
{
    NCDF_COMPRESS_NONE    = 0,
/* TODO */
/* http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/docs/BestPractices.html#Packed%20Data%20Values */
    NCDF_COMPRESS_PACKED  = 1,
    NCDF_COMPRESS_DEFLATE = 2,
    NCDF_COMPRESS_SZIP    = 3  /* no support for writing */
} NetCDFCompressEnum;

static const int NCDF_DEFLATE_LEVEL    = 1;  /* best time/size ratio */

/* helper for libnetcdf errors */
#define NCDF_ERR(status) if ( status != NC_NOERR ){ \
CPLError( CE_Failure,CPLE_AppDefined, \
"netcdf error #%d : %s .\nat (%s,%s,%d)\n",status, nc_strerror(status), \
__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__ ); }

/* Check for NC2 support in case it was not enabled at compile time. */
/* NC4 has to be detected at compile as it requires a special build of netcdf-4. */
#ifndef NETCDF_HAS_NC2
#ifdef NC_64BIT_OFFSET
#define NETCDF_HAS_NC2 1
#endif
#endif

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*       CF-1 or NUG (NetCDF User's Guide) defs                         */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* CF: http://cf-pcmdi.llnl.gov/documents/cf-conventions/1.5/cf-conventions.html */
/* NUG: http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/docs/netcdf.html#Variables */
#define CF_STD_NAME          "standard_name"
#define CF_LNG_NAME          "long_name"
#define CF_UNITS             "units"
#define CF_ADD_OFFSET        "add_offset"
#define CF_SCALE_FACTOR      "scale_factor"
/* should be SRS_UL_METER but use meter now for compat with gtiff files */
#define CF_UNITS_M           "metre"
#define CF_UNITS_D           SRS_UA_DEGREE
#define CF_PROJ_X_VAR_NAME   "x"
#define CF_PROJ_Y_VAR_NAME   "y"
#define CF_PROJ_X_COORD      "projection_x_coordinate"
#define CF_PROJ_Y_COORD      "projection_y_coordinate"
#define CF_PROJ_X_COORD_LONG_NAME "x coordinate of projection"
#define CF_PROJ_Y_COORD_LONG_NAME "y coordinate of projection"
#define CF_GRD_MAPPING_NAME  "grid_mapping_name"
#define CF_GRD_MAPPING       "grid_mapping"
#define CF_COORDINATES       "coordinates"

#define CF_LONGITUDE_VAR_NAME      "lon"
#define CF_LONGITUDE_STD_NAME      "longitude"
#define CF_LONGITUDE_LNG_NAME      "longitude"
#define CF_LATITUDE_VAR_NAME       "lat"
#define CF_LATITUDE_STD_NAME       "latitude"
#define CF_LATITUDE_LNG_NAME       "latitude"
#define CF_DEGREES_NORTH           "degrees_north"
#define CF_DEGREES_EAST            "degrees_east"

#define CF_AXIS            "axis"
/* #define CF_BOUNDS          "bounds" */
/* #define CF_ORIG_UNITS      "original_units" */

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      CF-1 convention standard variables related to                   */
/*      mapping & projection - see http://cf-pcmdi.llnl.gov/            */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* projection types */
#define CF_PT_AEA                    "albers_conical_equal_area"
#define CF_PT_AE                     "azimuthal_equidistant"
#define CF_PT_CEA                    "cylindrical_equal_area"
#define CF_PT_LAEA                   "lambert_azimuthal_equal_area"
#define CF_PT_LCEA                   "lambert_cylindrical_equal_area"
#define CF_PT_LCC                    "lambert_conformal_conic"
#define CF_PT_TM                     "transverse_mercator"
#define CF_PT_LATITUDE_LONGITUDE     "latitude_longitude"
#define CF_PT_MERCATOR               "mercator"
#define CF_PT_ORTHOGRAPHIC           "orthographic"
#define CF_PT_POLAR_STEREO           "polar_stereographic"
#define CF_PT_STEREO                 "stereographic"
#define CF_PT_GEOS                   "geostationary"

/* projection parameters */
#define CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL           "standard_parallel"
/* CF uses only "standard_parallel" */
#define CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_1         "standard_parallel_1"
#define CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_2         "standard_parallel_2"
#define CF_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN       "central_meridian"
#define CF_PP_LONG_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN  "longitude_of_central_meridian"
#define CF_PP_LON_PROJ_ORIGIN        "longitude_of_projection_origin"
#define CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN        "latitude_of_projection_origin"
/* #define PROJ_X_ORIGIN             "projection_x_coordinate_origin" */
/* #define PROJ_Y_ORIGIN             "projection_y_coordinate_origin" */
#define CF_PP_EARTH_SHAPE            "GRIB_earth_shape"
#define CF_PP_EARTH_SHAPE_CODE       "GRIB_earth_shape_code"
/* scale_factor is not CF, there are two possible translations  */
/* for WKT scale_factor : SCALE_FACTOR_MERIDIAN and SCALE_FACTOR_ORIGIN */
#define CF_PP_SCALE_FACTOR_MERIDIAN  "scale_factor_at_central_meridian"
#define CF_PP_SCALE_FACTOR_ORIGIN    "scale_factor_at_projection_origin"
#define CF_PP_VERT_LONG_FROM_POLE    "straight_vertical_longitude_from_pole"
#define CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING          "false_easting"
#define CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING         "false_northing"
#define CF_PP_EARTH_RADIUS           "earth_radius"
#define CF_PP_EARTH_RADIUS_OLD       "spherical_earth_radius_meters"
#define CF_PP_INVERSE_FLATTENING     "inverse_flattening"
#define CF_PP_LONG_PRIME_MERIDIAN    "longitude_of_prime_meridian"
#define CF_PP_SEMI_MAJOR_AXIS        "semi_major_axis"
#define CF_PP_SEMI_MINOR_AXIS        "semi_minor_axis"
#define CF_PP_VERT_PERSP             "vertical_perspective" /*not used yet */
#define CF_PP_PERSPECTIVE_POINT_HEIGHT "perspective_point_height"
#define CF_PP_SWEEP_ANGLE_AXIS        "sweep_angle_axis"

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*         CF-1 Coordinate Type Naming (Chapter 4.  Coordinate Types )  */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
static const char* const papszCFLongitudeVarNames[] = { CF_LONGITUDE_VAR_NAME, "longitude", NULL };
static const char* const papszCFLongitudeAttribNames[] = { CF_UNITS, CF_STD_NAME, CF_AXIS, NULL };
static const char* const papszCFLongitudeAttribValues[] = { CF_DEGREES_EAST, CF_LONGITUDE_STD_NAME, "X", NULL };
static const char* const papszCFLatitudeVarNames[] = { CF_LATITUDE_VAR_NAME, "latitude", NULL };
static const char* const papszCFLatitudeAttribNames[] = { CF_UNITS, CF_STD_NAME, CF_AXIS, NULL };
static const char* const papszCFLatitudeAttribValues[] = { CF_DEGREES_NORTH, CF_LATITUDE_STD_NAME, "Y", NULL };

static const char* const papszCFProjectionXVarNames[] = { CF_PROJ_X_VAR_NAME, "xc", NULL };
static const char* const papszCFProjectionXAttribNames[] = { CF_STD_NAME, NULL };
static const char* const papszCFProjectionXAttribValues[] = { CF_PROJ_X_COORD, NULL };
static const char* const papszCFProjectionYVarNames[] = { CF_PROJ_Y_VAR_NAME, "yc", NULL };
static const char* const papszCFProjectionYAttribNames[] = { CF_STD_NAME, NULL };
static const char* const papszCFProjectionYAttribValues[] = { CF_PROJ_Y_COORD, NULL };

static const char* const papszCFVerticalAttribNames[] = { CF_AXIS, "positive", "positive", NULL };
static const char* const papszCFVerticalAttribValues[] = { "Z", "up", "down", NULL };
static const char* const papszCFVerticalUnitsValues[] = {
    /* units of pressure */
    "bar", "bars", "millibar", "millibars", "decibar", "decibars",
    "atmosphere", "atmospheres", "atm", "pascal", "pascals", "Pa", "hPa",
    /* units of length */
    "meter", "meters", "m", "kilometer", "kilometers", "km",
    /* dimensionless vertical coordinates */
    "level", "layer", "sigma_level",
    NULL };
/* dimensionless vertical coordinates */
static const char* const papszCFVerticalStandardNameValues[] = {
    "atmosphere_ln_pressure_coordinate", "atmosphere_sigma_coordinate",
    "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coordinate",
    "atmosphere_hybrid_height_coordinate",
    "atmosphere_sleve_coordinate", "ocean_sigma_coordinate",
    "ocean_s_coordinate", "ocean_sigma_z_coordinate",
    "ocean_double_sigma_coordinate", "atmosphere_ln_pressure_coordinate",
    "atmosphere_sigma_coordinate",
    "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coordinate",
    "atmosphere_hybrid_height_coordinate",
    "atmosphere_sleve_coordinate", "ocean_sigma_coordinate",
    "ocean_s_coordinate", "ocean_sigma_z_coordinate",
    "ocean_double_sigma_coordinate", NULL };

static const char* const papszCFTimeAttribNames[] = { CF_AXIS, NULL };
static const char* const papszCFTimeAttribValues[] = { "T", NULL };
static const char* const papszCFTimeUnitsValues[] = {
    "days since", "day since", "d since",
    "hours since", "hour since", "h since", "hr since",
    "minutes since", "minute since", "min since",
    "seconds since", "second since", "sec since", "s since",
    NULL };

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*         CF-1 to GDAL mappings                                        */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* Following are a series of mappings from CF-1 convention parameters
 * for each projection, to the equivalent in OGC WKT used internally by GDAL.
 * See: http://cf-pcmdi.llnl.gov/documents/cf-conventions/1.5/apf.html
 */

/* A struct allowing us to map between GDAL(OGC WKT) and CF-1 attributes */
typedef struct {
    const char *CF_ATT;
    const char *WKT_ATT;
    // TODO: mappings may need default values, like scale factor?
    //double defval;
} oNetcdfSRS_PP;

// default mappings, for the generic case
/* These 'generic' mappings are based on what was previously in the
   poNetCDFSRS struct. They will be used as a fallback in case none
   of the others match (i.e. you are exporting a projection that has
   no CF-1 equivalent).
   They are not used for known CF-1 projections since there is not a
   unique 2-way projection-independent
   mapping between OGC WKT params and CF-1 ones: it varies per-projection.
*/

static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poGenericMappings[] = {
    /* scale_factor is handled as a special case, write 2 values */
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_1, SRS_PP_STANDARD_PARALLEL_1 },
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_2, SRS_PP_STANDARD_PARALLEL_2 },
    {CF_PP_LONG_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN },
    {CF_PP_LONG_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN, SRS_PP_LONGITUDE_OF_CENTER },
    {CF_PP_LON_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LONGITUDE_OF_ORIGIN },
    //Multiple mappings to LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_ORIGIN },
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_CENTER },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL },
};

// Albers equal area
//
// grid_mapping_name = albers_conical_equal_area
// WKT: Albers_Conic_Equal_Area
// ESPG:9822
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * standard_parallel - There may be 1 or 2 values.
//    * longitude_of_central_meridian
//    * latitude_of_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing
//
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poAEAMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_1, SRS_PP_STANDARD_PARALLEL_1},
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_2, SRS_PP_STANDARD_PARALLEL_2},
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_CENTER},
    {CF_PP_LONG_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN, SRS_PP_LONGITUDE_OF_CENTER},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
 };

// Azimuthal equidistant
//
// grid_mapping_name = azimuthal_equidistant
// WKT: Azimuthal_Equidistant
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * longitude_of_projection_origin
//    * latitude_of_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing
//
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poAEMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_CENTER},
    {CF_PP_LON_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LONGITUDE_OF_CENTER},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
 };

// Lambert azimuthal equal area
//
// grid_mapping_name = lambert_azimuthal_equal_area
// WKT: Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * longitude_of_projection_origin
//    * latitude_of_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing
//
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poLAEAMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_CENTER},
    {CF_PP_LON_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LONGITUDE_OF_CENTER},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
 };

// Lambert conformal
//
// grid_mapping_name = lambert_conformal_conic
// WKT: Lambert_Conformal_Conic_1SP / Lambert_Conformal_Conic_2SP
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * standard_parallel - There may be 1 or 2 values.
//    * longitude_of_central_meridian
//    * latitude_of_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing
//
// See http://www.remotesensing.org/geotiff/proj_list/lambert_conic_conformal_1sp.html

// Lambert conformal conic - 1SP
/* See bug # 3324
   It seems that the missing scale factor can be computed from standard_parallel1 and latitude_of_projection_origin.
   If both are equal (the common case) then scale factor=1, else use Snyder eq. 15-4.
   We save in the WKT standard_parallel1 for export to CF, but do not export scale factor.
   If a WKT has a scale factor != 1 and no standard_parallel1 then export is not CF, but we output scale factor for compat.
     is there a formula for that?
*/
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poLCC1SPMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_1, SRS_PP_STANDARD_PARALLEL_1},
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_ORIGIN},
    {CF_PP_LONG_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    {CF_PP_SCALE_FACTOR_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_SCALE_FACTOR}, /* special case */
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
 };

// Lambert conformal conic - 2SP
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poLCC2SPMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_1, SRS_PP_STANDARD_PARALLEL_1},
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_2, SRS_PP_STANDARD_PARALLEL_2},
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_ORIGIN},
    {CF_PP_LONG_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
 };

// Lambert cylindrical equal area
//
// grid_mapping_name = lambert_cylindrical_equal_area
// WKT: Cylindrical_Equal_Area
// EPSG:9834 (Spherical) and EPSG:9835
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * longitude_of_central_meridian
//    * either standard_parallel or scale_factor_at_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing
//
// NB: CF-1 specifies a 'scale_factor_at_projection' alternative
//  to std_parallel ... but no reference to this in EPSG/remotesensing.org
//  ignore for now.
//
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poLCEAMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_1, SRS_PP_STANDARD_PARALLEL_1},
    {CF_PP_LONG_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
 };

// Latitude-Longitude
//
// grid_mapping_name = latitude_longitude
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * None
//
// NB: handled as a special case - !isProjected()

// Mercator
//
// grid_mapping_name = mercator
// WKT: Mercator_1SP / Mercator_2SP
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * longitude_of_projection_origin
//    * either standard_parallel or scale_factor_at_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing

// Mercator 1 Standard Parallel (EPSG:9804)
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poM1SPMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_LON_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    //LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN is always equator (0) in CF-1
    {CF_PP_SCALE_FACTOR_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_SCALE_FACTOR},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
 };

// Mercator 2 Standard Parallel
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poM2SPMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_LON_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_1, SRS_PP_STANDARD_PARALLEL_1},
    // From best understanding of this projection, only
    // actually specify one SP - it is the same N/S of equator.
    // {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_2, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_ORIGIN},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
 };

// Orthographic
// grid_mapping_name = orthographic
// WKT: Orthographic
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * longitude_of_projection_origin
//    * latitude_of_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing
//
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poOrthoMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_ORIGIN},
    {CF_PP_LON_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
 };

// Polar stereographic
//
// grid_mapping_name = polar_stereographic
// WKT: Polar_Stereographic
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * straight_vertical_longitude_from_pole
//    * latitude_of_projection_origin - Either +90. or -90.
//    * Either standard_parallel or scale_factor_at_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing

/*
   (http://www.remotesensing.org/geotiff/proj_list/polar_stereographic.html)

Note: Projection parameters for this projection are quite different in CF-1 from
     OGC WKT/GeoTiff (for the latter, see above).
   From our best understanding, this projection requires more than a straight mapping:
     - As defined below, 'latitude_of_origin' (WKT) -> 'standard_parallel' (CF-1)
       and 'central_meridian' (WKT) -> 'straight_vertical_longitude_from_pole' (CF-1)
     - Then the 'latitude_of_projection_origin' in CF-1 must be set to either +90 or -90,
       depending on the sign of 'latitude_of_origin' in WKT.
   CF allows the use of standard_parallel (lat_ts in proj4) OR scale_factor (k0 in proj4).
   This is analogous to the B and A variants (resp.) in EPSG guidelines.
   When importing a CF file with scale_factor, we compute standard_parallel using
     Snyder eq. 22-7 with k=1 and lat=standard_parallel.
   Currently OGR does NOT relate the scale factor with the standard parallel, so we
   use the default. It seems that proj4 uses lat_ts (standard_parallel) and not k0.
*/
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poPSmappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_STD_PARALLEL_1, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_ORIGIN},
    /* {CF_PP_SCALE_FACTOR_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_SCALE_FACTOR},   */
    {CF_PP_VERT_LONG_FROM_POLE, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
};

// Rotated Pole
//
// grid_mapping_name = rotated_latitude_longitude
// WKT: N/A
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * grid_north_pole_latitude
//    * grid_north_pole_longitude
//    * north_pole_grid_longitude - This parameter is optional (default is 0.).

/* TODO: No GDAL equivalent of rotated pole? Doesn't seem to have an EPSG
   code or WKT ... so unless some advanced proj4 features can be used
   seems to rule out.
   see GDAL bug #4285 for a possible fix or workaround
*/

// Stereographic
//
// grid_mapping_name = stereographic
// WKT: Stereographic (and/or Oblique_Stereographic??)
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * longitude_of_projection_origin
//    * latitude_of_projection_origin
//    * scale_factor_at_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing
//
// NB: see bug#4267 Stereographic vs. Oblique_Stereographic
//
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poStMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_ORIGIN},
    {CF_PP_LON_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    {CF_PP_SCALE_FACTOR_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_SCALE_FACTOR},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
  };

// Transverse Mercator
//
// grid_mapping_name = transverse_mercator
// WKT: Transverse_Mercator
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * scale_factor_at_central_meridian
//    * longitude_of_central_meridian
//    * latitude_of_projection_origin
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing
//
static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poTMMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_SCALE_FACTOR_MERIDIAN, SRS_PP_SCALE_FACTOR},
    {CF_PP_LONG_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    {CF_PP_LAT_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_LATITUDE_OF_ORIGIN},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    {NULL, NULL}
  };

// Vertical perspective
//
// grid_mapping_name = vertical_perspective
// WKT: ???
//
// Map parameters:
//
//    * latitude_of_projection_origin
//    * longitude_of_projection_origin
//    * perspective_point_height
//    * false_easting
//    * false_northing
//
// TODO: see how to map this to OGR

static const oNetcdfSRS_PP poGEOSMappings[] = {
    {CF_PP_LON_PROJ_ORIGIN, SRS_PP_CENTRAL_MERIDIAN},
    {CF_PP_PERSPECTIVE_POINT_HEIGHT, SRS_PP_SATELLITE_HEIGHT},
    {CF_PP_FALSE_EASTING, SRS_PP_FALSE_EASTING },
    {CF_PP_FALSE_NORTHING, SRS_PP_FALSE_NORTHING },
    /* { CF_PP_SWEEP_ANGLE_AXIS, .... } handled as a proj.4 extension */
    {NULL, NULL}
  };

/* Mappings for various projections, including netcdf and GDAL projection names
   and corresponding oNetcdfSRS_PP mapping struct.
   A NULL mappings value means that the projection is not included in the CF
   standard and the generic mapping (poGenericMappings) will be used. */
typedef struct {
    const char *CF_SRS;
    const char *WKT_SRS;
    const oNetcdfSRS_PP* mappings;
} oNetcdfSRS_PT;

static const oNetcdfSRS_PT poNetcdfSRS_PT[] = {
    {CF_PT_AEA, SRS_PT_ALBERS_CONIC_EQUAL_AREA, poAEAMappings },
    {CF_PT_AE, SRS_PT_AZIMUTHAL_EQUIDISTANT, poAEMappings },
    {"cassini_soldner", SRS_PT_CASSINI_SOLDNER, NULL },
    {CF_PT_LCEA, SRS_PT_CYLINDRICAL_EQUAL_AREA, poLCEAMappings },
    {"eckert_iv", SRS_PT_ECKERT_IV, NULL },
    {"eckert_vi", SRS_PT_ECKERT_VI, NULL },
    {"equidistant_conic", SRS_PT_EQUIDISTANT_CONIC, NULL },
    {"equirectangular", SRS_PT_EQUIRECTANGULAR, NULL },
    {"gall_stereographic", SRS_PT_GALL_STEREOGRAPHIC, NULL },
    {CF_PT_GEOS, SRS_PT_GEOSTATIONARY_SATELLITE, poGEOSMappings },
    {"goode_homolosine", SRS_PT_GOODE_HOMOLOSINE, NULL },
    {"gnomonic", SRS_PT_GNOMONIC, NULL },
    {"hotine_oblique_mercator", SRS_PT_HOTINE_OBLIQUE_MERCATOR, NULL },
    {"hotine_oblique_mercator_2P",
     SRS_PT_HOTINE_OBLIQUE_MERCATOR_TWO_POINT_NATURAL_ORIGIN, NULL },
    {"laborde_oblique_mercator", SRS_PT_LABORDE_OBLIQUE_MERCATOR, NULL },
    {CF_PT_LCC, SRS_PT_LAMBERT_CONFORMAL_CONIC_1SP, poLCC1SPMappings },
    {CF_PT_LCC, SRS_PT_LAMBERT_CONFORMAL_CONIC_2SP, poLCC2SPMappings },
    {CF_PT_LAEA, SRS_PT_LAMBERT_AZIMUTHAL_EQUAL_AREA, poLAEAMappings },
    {CF_PT_MERCATOR, SRS_PT_MERCATOR_1SP, poM1SPMappings },
    {CF_PT_MERCATOR, SRS_PT_MERCATOR_2SP, poM2SPMappings },
    {"miller_cylindrical", SRS_PT_MILLER_CYLINDRICAL, NULL },
    {"mollweide", SRS_PT_MOLLWEIDE, NULL },
    {"new_zealand_map_grid", SRS_PT_NEW_ZEALAND_MAP_GRID, NULL },
    /* for now map to STEREO, see bug #4267 */
    {"oblique_stereographic", SRS_PT_OBLIQUE_STEREOGRAPHIC, NULL },
    /* {STEREO, SRS_PT_OBLIQUE_STEREOGRAPHIC, poStMappings },  */
    {CF_PT_ORTHOGRAPHIC, SRS_PT_ORTHOGRAPHIC, poOrthoMappings },
    {CF_PT_POLAR_STEREO, SRS_PT_POLAR_STEREOGRAPHIC, poPSmappings },
    {"polyconic", SRS_PT_POLYCONIC, NULL },
    {"robinson", SRS_PT_ROBINSON, NULL },
    {"sinusoidal", SRS_PT_SINUSOIDAL, NULL },
    {CF_PT_STEREO, SRS_PT_STEREOGRAPHIC, poStMappings },
    {"swiss_oblique_cylindrical", SRS_PT_SWISS_OBLIQUE_CYLINDRICAL, NULL },
    {CF_PT_TM, SRS_PT_TRANSVERSE_MERCATOR, poTMMappings },
    {"TM_south_oriented", SRS_PT_TRANSVERSE_MERCATOR_SOUTH_ORIENTED, NULL },
    {NULL, NULL, NULL },
};

/************************************************************************/
/* ==================================================================== */
/*                        netCDFWriterConfig classes                    */
/* ==================================================================== */
/************************************************************************/

class netCDFWriterConfigAttribute
{
  public:
    CPLString m_osName;
    CPLString m_osType;
    CPLString m_osValue;

bool Parse(CPLXMLNode *psNode);
};

class netCDFWriterConfigField
{
  public:
    CPLString m_osName;
    CPLString m_osNetCDFName;
    CPLString m_osMainDim;
    std::vector<netCDFWriterConfigAttribute> m_aoAttributes;

bool Parse(CPLXMLNode *psNode);
};

class netCDFWriterConfigLayer
{
  public:
    CPLString m_osName;
    CPLString m_osNetCDFName;
    std::map<CPLString, CPLString> m_oLayerCreationOptions;
    std::vector<netCDFWriterConfigAttribute> m_aoAttributes;
    std::map<CPLString, netCDFWriterConfigField> m_oFields;

bool Parse(CPLXMLNode *psNode);
};

class netCDFWriterConfiguration
{
  public:
    bool m_bIsValid;
    std::map<CPLString, CPLString> m_oDatasetCreationOptions;
    std::map<CPLString, CPLString> m_oLayerCreationOptions;
    std::vector<netCDFWriterConfigAttribute> m_aoAttributes;
    std::map<CPLString, netCDFWriterConfigField> m_oFields;
    std::map<CPLString, netCDFWriterConfigLayer> m_oLayers;

netCDFWriterConfiguration() : m_bIsValid(false) {}

bool Parse(const char *pszFilename);
    static bool SetNameValue(CPLXMLNode *psNode,
                             std::map<CPLString, CPLString> &oMap);
};

/************************************************************************/
/* ==================================================================== */
/*                           netCDFDataset                              */
/* ==================================================================== */
/************************************************************************/

class netCDFRasterBand;
class netCDFLayer;

class netCDFDataset : public GDALPamDataset
{
    friend class netCDFRasterBand; //TMP
    friend class netCDFLayer;

typedef enum
    {
        SINGLE_LAYER,
        SEPARATE_FILES,
        SEPARATE_GROUPS
    } MultipleLayerBehaviour;

/* basic dataset vars */
    CPLString     osFilename;
    int           cdfid;
    char          **papszSubDatasets;
    char          **papszMetadata;
    CPLStringList papszDimName;
    bool          bBottomUp;
    NetCDFFormatEnum eFormat;
    bool          bIsGdalFile; /* was this file created by GDAL? */
    bool          bIsGdalCfFile; /* was this file created by the (new) CF-compliant driver? */
    char         *pszCFProjection;
    char         *pszCFCoordinates;
    MultipleLayerBehaviour eMultipleLayerBehaviour;
    std::vector<netCDFDataset*> apoVectorDatasets;

/* projection/GT */
    double       adfGeoTransform[6];
    char         *pszProjection;
    int          nXDimID;
    int          nYDimID;
    bool         bIsProjected;
    bool         bIsGeographic;

/* state vars */
    bool         bDefineMode;
    bool         bSetProjection;
    bool         bSetGeoTransform;
    bool         bAddedProjectionVars;
    bool         bAddedGridMappingRef;

/* create vars */
    char         **papszCreationOptions;
    NetCDFCompressEnum eCompress;
    int          nZLevel;
#ifdef NETCDF_HAS_NC4
    bool         bChunking;
#endif
    int          nCreateMode;
    bool         bSignedData;

int          nLayers;
    netCDFLayer   **papoLayers;

netCDFWriterConfiguration oWriterConfig;

static double       rint( double );

double       FetchCopyParm( const char *pszGridMappingValue,
                                const char *pszParm, double dfDefault );

char **      FetchStandardParallels( const char *pszGridMappingValue );

void ProcessCreationOptions( );
    int DefVarDeflate( int nVarId, bool bChunkingArg=true );
    CPLErr AddProjectionVars( GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress=GDALDummyProgress,
                              void * pProgressData=NULL );
    void AddGridMappingRef();

bool GetDefineMode() { return bDefineMode; }
    bool SetDefineMode( bool bNewDefineMode );

CPLErr      ReadAttributes( int, int );

void  CreateSubDatasetList( );

void  SetProjectionFromVar( int, bool bReadSRSOnly );

int ProcessCFGeolocation( int );
    CPLErr Set1DGeolocation( int nVarId, const char *szDimName );
    double * Get1DGeolocation( const char *szDimName, int &nVarLen );

static bool CloneAttributes(int old_cdfid, int new_cdfid, int nSrcVarId, int nDstVarId);
    static bool CloneVariableContent(int old_cdfid, int new_cdfid, int nSrcVarId, int nDstVarId);
    static bool CloneGrp(int nOldGrpId, int nNewGrpId, bool bIsNC4, int nLayerId,
                         int nDimIdToGrow, size_t nNewSize);
    bool GrowDim(int nLayerId, int nDimIdToGrow, size_t nNewSize);

protected:

CPLXMLNode *SerializeToXML( const char *pszVRTPath ) override;

virtual OGRLayer   *ICreateLayer( const char *pszName,
                                     OGRSpatialReference *poSpatialRef,
                                     OGRwkbGeometryType eGType,
                                     char ** papszOptions ) override;

public:

netCDFDataset();
    virtual ~netCDFDataset();

/* Projection/GT */
    CPLErr      GetGeoTransform( double * ) override;
    CPLErr      SetGeoTransform (double *) override;
    const char * GetProjectionRef() override;
    CPLErr      SetProjection (const char *) override;

virtual char      **GetMetadataDomainList() override;
    char ** GetMetadata( const char * ) override;

virtual int  TestCapability(const char* pszCap) override;

virtual int  GetLayerCount() override { return nLayers; }
    virtual OGRLayer* GetLayer(int nIdx) override;

int GetCDFID() { return cdfid; }

/* static functions */
    static int Identify( GDALOpenInfo * );
    static NetCDFFormatEnum IdentifyFormat( GDALOpenInfo *, bool );
    static GDALDataset *Open( GDALOpenInfo * );

static netCDFDataset *CreateLL( const char * pszFilename,
                                    int nXSize, int nYSize, int nBands,
                                    char ** papszOptions );
    static GDALDataset *Create( const char * pszFilename,
                                int nXSize, int nYSize, int nBands,
                                GDALDataType eType,
                                char ** papszOptions );
    static GDALDataset* CreateCopy( const char * pszFilename, GDALDataset *poSrcDS,
                                    int bStrict, char ** papszOptions,
                                    GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void * pProgressData );
};

class netCDFLayer: public OGRLayer
{
        typedef union
        {
            signed char chVal;
            unsigned char uchVal;
            short   sVal;
            unsigned short usVal;
            int     nVal;
            unsigned int unVal;
            GIntBig nVal64;
            GUIntBig unVal64;
            float   fVal;
            double  dfVal;
        } NCDFNoDataUnion;

typedef struct
        {
            NCDFNoDataUnion uNoData;
            nc_type         nType;
            int             nVarId;
            int             nDimCount;
            bool            bHasWarnedAboutTruncation;
            int             nMainDimId;
            int             nSecDimId;
            bool            bIsDays;
        } FieldDesc;

netCDFDataset  *m_poDS;
        int             m_nLayerCDFId;
        OGRFeatureDefn *m_poFeatureDefn;
        CPLString       m_osRecordDimName;
        int             m_nRecordDimID;
        int             m_nDefaultWidth;
        bool            m_bAutoGrowStrings;
        int             m_nDefaultMaxWidthDimId;
        int             m_nXVarID;
        int             m_nYVarID;
        int             m_nZVarID;
        nc_type         m_nXVarNCDFType;
        nc_type         m_nYVarNCDFType;
        nc_type         m_nZVarNCDFType;
        NCDFNoDataUnion m_uXVarNoData;
        NCDFNoDataUnion m_uYVarNoData;
        NCDFNoDataUnion m_uZVarNoData;
        CPLString       m_osWKTVarName;
        int             m_nWKTMaxWidth;
        int             m_nWKTMaxWidthDimId;
        int             m_nWKTVarID;
        nc_type         m_nWKTNCDFType;
        CPLString       m_osCoordinatesValue;
        std::vector<FieldDesc> m_aoFieldDesc;
        int             m_nCurFeatureId;
        CPLString       m_osGridMapping;
        bool            m_bWriteGDALTags;
        bool            m_bUseStringInNC4;
        bool            m_bNCDumpCompat;

CPLString       m_osProfileDimName;
        int             m_nProfileDimID;
        CPLString       m_osProfileVariables;
        int             m_nProfileVarID;
        bool            m_bProfileVarUnlimited;
        int             m_nParentIndexVarID;

const netCDFWriterConfigLayer* m_poLayerConfig;

OGRFeature     *GetNextRawFeature();
        double          Get1DVarAsDouble( int nVarId, nc_type nVarType,
                                          size_t nIndex,
                                          NCDFNoDataUnion noDataVal,
                                          bool* pbIsNoData );
        CPLErr          GetFillValue( int nVarID, char **ppszValue );
        CPLErr          GetFillValue( int nVarID, double *pdfValue );
        void            GetNoDataValueForFloat( int nVarId, NCDFNoDataUnion* puNoData );
        void            GetNoDataValueForDouble( int nVarId, NCDFNoDataUnion* puNoData );
        void            GetNoDataValue( int nVarId, nc_type nVarType, NCDFNoDataUnion* puNoData );
        bool            FillFeatureFromVar(OGRFeature* poFeature, int nMainDimId, size_t nIndex);
        bool            FillVarFromFeature(OGRFeature* poFeature, int nMainDimId, size_t nIndex);

public:
                netCDFLayer(netCDFDataset* poDS,
                            int nLayerCDFId,
                            const char* pszName,
                            OGRwkbGeometryType eGeomType,
                            OGRSpatialReference* poSRS);
        virtual ~netCDFLayer();

bool            Create(char** papszOptions, const netCDFWriterConfigLayer* poLayerConfig);
        void            SetRecordDimID(int nRecordDimID);
        void            SetXYZVars(int nXVarId, int nYVarId, int nZVarId);
        void            SetWKTGeometryField(const char* pszWKTVarName);
        void            SetGridMapping(const char* pszGridMapping);
        void            SetProfile(int nProfileDimID, int nParentIndexVarID);
        bool            AddField(int nVarId);

int             GetCDFID() const { return m_nLayerCDFId; }
        void            SetCDFID(int nId) { m_nLayerCDFId = nId; }

virtual void ResetReading() override;
        virtual OGRFeature* GetNextFeature() override;

virtual GIntBig GetFeatureCount(int bForce) override;

virtual int  TestCapability(const char* pszCap) override;

virtual OGRFeatureDefn* GetLayerDefn() override;

virtual OGRErr ICreateFeature(OGRFeature* poFeature) override;
        virtual OGRErr CreateField(OGRFieldDefn* poFieldDefn, int bApproxOK) override;
};

void NCDFWriteLonLatVarsAttributes(int cdfid, int nVarLonID, int nVarLatID);
void NCDFWriteXYVarsAttributes(int cdfid, int nVarXID, int nVarYID,
                                      OGRSpatialReference* poSRS);
int NCDFWriteSRSVariable(int cdfid, OGRSpatialReference* poSRS,
                                char** ppszCFProjection, bool bWriteGDALTags);
CPLErr NCDFGetAttr( int nCdfId, int nVarId, const char *pszAttrName,
                    double *pdfValue );
CPLErr NCDFGetAttr( int nCdfId, int nVarId, const char *pszAttrName,
                    char **pszValue );
bool NCDFIsUnlimitedDim(bool bIsNC4, int cdfid, int nDimId);

#endif