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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>R: Encode the Terminal Times of Time Series</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="R.css" /> </head><body> <table width="100%" summary="page for start {stats}"><tr><td>start {stats}</td><td style="text-align: right;">R Documentation</td></tr></table> <h2>Encode the Terminal Times of Time Series</h2> <h3>Description</h3> <p>Extract and encode the times the first and last observations were taken. Provided only for compatibility with S version 2. </p> <h3>Usage</h3> <pre> start(x, ...) end(x, ...) </pre> <h3>Arguments</h3> <table summary="R argblock"> <tr valign="top"><td><code>x</code></td> <td> <p>a univariate or multivariate time-series, or a vector or matrix.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>...</code></td> <td> <p>extra arguments for future methods.</p> </td></tr> </table> <h3>Details</h3> <p>These are generic functions, which will use the <code><a href="tsp.html">tsp</a></code> attribute of <code>x</code> if it exists. Their default methods decode the start time from the original time units, so that for a monthly series <code>1995.5</code> is represented as <code>c(1995, 7)</code>. For a series of frequency <code>f</code>, time <code>n+i/f</code> is presented as <code>c(n, i+1)</code> (even for <code>i = 0</code> and <code>f = 1</code>). </p> <h3>Warning</h3> <p>The representation used by <code>start</code> and <code>end</code> has no meaning unless the frequency is supplied. </p> <h3>See Also</h3> <p><code><a href="ts.html">ts</a></code>, <code><a href="time.html">time</a></code>, <code><a href="tsp.html">tsp</a></code>. </p> <hr /><div style="text-align: center;">[Package <em>stats</em> version 3.6.0 <a href="00Index.html">Index</a>]</div> </body></html>