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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>R: Matrix Transpose</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="R.css" /> </head><body> <table width="100%" summary="page for t {base}"><tr><td>t {base}</td><td style="text-align: right;">R Documentation</td></tr></table> <h2>Matrix Transpose</h2> <h3>Description</h3> <p>Given a matrix or <code><a href="data.frame.html">data.frame</a></code> <code>x</code>, <code>t</code> returns the transpose of <code>x</code>. </p> <h3>Usage</h3> <pre> t(x) </pre> <h3>Arguments</h3> <table summary="R argblock"> <tr valign="top"><td><code>x</code></td> <td> <p>a matrix or data frame, typically.</p> </td></tr> </table> <h3>Details</h3> <p>This is a generic function for which methods can be written. The description here applies to the default and <code>"data.frame"</code> methods. </p> <p>A data frame is first coerced to a matrix: see <code><a href="matrix.html">as.matrix</a></code>. When <code>x</code> is a vector, it is treated as a column, i.e., the result is a 1-row matrix. </p> <h3>Value</h3> <p>A matrix, with <code>dim</code> and <code>dimnames</code> constructed appropriately from those of <code>x</code>, and other attributes except names copied across. </p> <h3>Note</h3> <p>The <em>conjugate</em> transpose of a complex matrix <i>A</i>, denoted <i>A^H</i> or <i>A^*</i>, is computed as <code><a href="complex.html">Conj</a>(t(A))</code>. </p> <h3>References</h3> <p>Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) <em>The New S Language</em>. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. </p> <h3>See Also</h3> <p><code><a href="aperm.html">aperm</a></code> for permuting the dimensions of arrays. </p> <h3>Examples</h3> <pre> a <- matrix(1:30, 5, 6) ta <- t(a) ##-- i.e., a[i, j] == ta[j, i] for all i,j : for(j in seq(ncol(a))) if(! all(a[, j] == ta[j, ])) stop("wrong transpose") </pre> <hr /><div style="text-align: center;">[Package <em>base</em> version 3.6.0 <a href="00Index.html">Index</a>]</div> </body></html>