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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>R: Object Summaries</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="R.css" /> </head><body> <table width="100%" summary="page for summary {base}"><tr><td>summary {base}</td><td style="text-align: right;">R Documentation</td></tr></table> <h2>Object Summaries</h2> <h3>Description</h3> <p><code>summary</code> is a generic function used to produce result summaries of the results of various model fitting functions. The function invokes particular <code><a href="../../utils/html/methods.html">methods</a></code> which depend on the <code><a href="class.html">class</a></code> of the first argument. </p> <h3>Usage</h3> <pre> summary(object, ...) ## Default S3 method: summary(object, ..., digits, quantile.type = 7) ## S3 method for class 'data.frame' summary(object, maxsum = 7, digits = max(3, getOption("digits")-3), ...) ## S3 method for class 'factor' summary(object, maxsum = 100, ...) ## S3 method for class 'matrix' summary(object, ...) ## S3 method for class 'summaryDefault' format(x, digits = max(3L, getOption("digits") - 3L), ...) ## S3 method for class 'summaryDefault' print(x, digits = max(3L, getOption("digits") - 3L), ...) </pre> <h3>Arguments</h3> <table summary="R argblock"> <tr valign="top"><td><code>object</code></td> <td> <p>an object for which a summary is desired.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>x</code></td> <td> <p>a result of the <em>default</em> method of <code>summary()</code>.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>maxsum</code></td> <td> <p>integer, indicating how many levels should be shown for <code><a href="factor.html">factor</a></code>s.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>digits</code></td> <td> <p>integer, used for number formatting with <code><a href="Round.html">signif</a>()</code> (for <code>summary.default</code>) or <code><a href="format.html">format</a>()</code> (for <code>summary.data.frame</code>). In <code>summary.default</code>, if not specified (i.e., <code><a href="missing.html">missing</a>(.)</code>), <code>signif()</code> will <em>not</em> be called anymore (since <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier; color: #666666;"><b>R</b></span> >= 3.4.0, where the default has been changed to only round in the <code>print</code> and <code>format</code> methods).</p> </td></tr></table> <table summary="R argblock"> <tr valign="top"><td><code>quantile.type</code></td> <td> <p>integer code used in <code>quantile(*, type=quantile.type)</code> for the default method.</p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>...</code></td> <td> <p>additional arguments affecting the summary produced.</p> </td></tr> </table> <h3>Details</h3> <p>For <code><a href="factor.html">factor</a></code>s, the frequency of the first <code>maxsum - 1</code> most frequent levels is shown, and the less frequent levels are summarized in <code>"(Others)"</code> (resulting in at most <code>maxsum</code> frequencies). </p> <p>The functions <code>summary.lm</code> and <code>summary.glm</code> are examples of particular methods which summarize the results produced by <code><a href="../../stats/html/lm.html">lm</a></code> and <code><a href="../../stats/html/glm.html">glm</a></code>. </p> <h3>Value</h3> <p>The form of the value returned by <code>summary</code> depends on the class of its argument. See the documentation of the particular methods for details of what is produced by that method. </p> <p>The default method returns an object of class <code>c("summaryDefault", "<a href="table.html">table</a>")</code> which has specialized <code><a href="format.html">format</a></code> and <code><a href="print.html">print</a></code> methods. The <code><a href="factor.html">factor</a></code> method returns an integer vector. </p> <p>The matrix and data frame methods return a matrix of class <code>"<a href="table.html">table</a>"</code>, obtained by applying <code>summary</code> to each column and collating the results. </p> <h3>References</h3> <p>Chambers, J. M. and Hastie, T. J. (1992) <em>Statistical Models in S</em>. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. </p> <h3>See Also</h3> <p><code><a href="../../stats/html/anova.html">anova</a></code>, <code><a href="../../stats/html/summary.glm.html">summary.glm</a></code>, <code><a href="../../stats/html/summary.lm.html">summary.lm</a></code>. </p> <h3>Examples</h3> <pre> summary(attenu, digits = 4) #-> summary.data.frame(...), default precision summary(attenu $ station, maxsum = 20) #-> summary.factor(...) lst <- unclass(attenu$station) > 20 # logical with NAs ## summary.default() for logicals -- different from *.factor: summary(lst) summary(as.factor(lst)) </pre> <hr /><div style="text-align: center;">[Package <em>base</em> version 3.6.0 <a href="00Index.html">Index</a>]</div> </body></html>