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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>R: Fit Generalized Linear Mixed Models via PQL</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="R.css" /> </head><body> <table width="100%" summary="page for glmmPQL {MASS}"><tr><td>glmmPQL {MASS}</td><td style="text-align: right;">R Documentation</td></tr></table> <h2> Fit Generalized Linear Mixed Models via PQL </h2> <h3>Description</h3> <p>Fit a GLMM model with multivariate normal random effects, using Penalized Quasi-Likelihood. </p> <h3>Usage</h3> <pre> glmmPQL(fixed, random, family, data, correlation, weights, control, niter = 10, verbose = TRUE, ...) </pre> <h3>Arguments</h3> <table summary="R argblock"> <tr valign="top"><td><code>fixed</code></td> <td> <p>a two-sided linear formula giving fixed-effects part of the model. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>random</code></td> <td> <p>a formula or list of formulae describing the random effects. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>family</code></td> <td> <p>a GLM family. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>data</code></td> <td> <p>an optional data frame used as the first place to find variables in the formulae, <code>weights</code> and if present in <code>...</code>, <code>subset</code>. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>correlation</code></td> <td> <p>an optional correlation structure. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>weights</code></td> <td> <p>optional case weights as in <code>glm</code>. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>control</code></td> <td> <p>an optional argument to be passed to <code>lme</code>. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>niter</code></td> <td> <p>maximum number of iterations. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>verbose</code></td> <td> <p>logical: print out record of iterations? </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"><td><code>...</code></td> <td> <p>Further arguments for <code>lme</code>. </p> </td></tr></table> <h3>Details</h3> <p><code>glmmPQL</code> works by repeated calls to <code><a href="../../nlme/html/lme.html">lme</a></code>, so package <code>nlme</code> will be loaded at first use if necessary. </p> <h3>Value</h3> <p>A object of class <code>"lme"</code>: see <code><a href="../../nlme/html/lmeObject.html">lmeObject</a></code>. </p> <h3>References</h3> <p>Schall, R. (1991) Estimation in generalized linear models with random effects. <em>Biometrika</em> <b>78</b>, 719–727. </p> <p>Breslow, N. E. and Clayton, D. G. (1993) Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed models. <em>Journal of the American Statistical Association</em> <b>88</b>, 9–25. </p> <p>Wolfinger, R. and O'Connell, M. (1993) Generalized linear mixed models: a pseudo-likelihood approach. <em>Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation</em> <b>48</b>, 233–243. </p> <p>Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D. (2002) <em>Modern Applied Statistics with S.</em> Fourth edition. Springer. </p> <h3>See Also</h3> <p><code><a href="../../nlme/html/lme.html">lme</a></code> </p> <h3>Examples</h3> <pre> library(nlme) # will be loaded automatically if omitted summary(glmmPQL(y ~ trt + I(week > 2), random = ~ 1 | ID, family = binomial, data = bacteria)) </pre> <hr /><div style="text-align: center;">[Package <em>MASS</em> version 7.3-51.4 <a href="00Index.html">Index</a>]</div> </body></html>